Modeling of Working Machines Synergy in the Process of the Hybrid Electric Vehicle Acceleration

There are many different mathematical models that can be used to describe relations between energy machines in the power-split hybrid drive system. Usually, they are created based on simulations or measurements in bench (laboratory) conditions. In that sense, however, these are the idealized conditions. It is not known how the internal combustion engine and electrical machines work in real road conditions, especially during acceleration. This motivated the authors to set the goal of solving this research problem. The solution was to implement and develop the model predictive control (MPC) method for driving modes (electric, normal) of a hybrid electric vehicle equipped with a power-split drive system. According to the adopted mathematical model, after determining the type of model and its structure, the measurements were performed. There were carried out as road tests in two driving modes of the hybrid electric vehicle: electric and normal. The measurements focused on the internal combustion engine and electrical machines parameters (torque, rotational speed and power), state of charge of electrochemical accumulator system and equivalent fuel consumption (expressed as a cost function). The operating parameters of the internal combustion engine and electric machines during hybrid electric vehicle acceleration assume the maximum values in the entire range (corresponding to the set vehicle speeds). The process of the hybrid electric vehicle acceleration from 0 to 47 km/h in the electric mode lasted for 12 s and was transferred into the equivalent fuel consumption value of 5.03 g. The acceleration of the hybrid electric vehicle from 0 to 47 km/h in the normal mode lasted 4.5 s and was transferred to the value of 4.23 g. The hybrid electric vehicle acceleration from 0 to 90 km/h in the normal mode lasted 11 s and corresponded to the cost function value of 26.43 g. The presented results show how the fundamental importance of the hybrid electric vehicle acceleration process with a fully depressed gas pedal is (in these conditions the selected driving mode is a little importance)

Hydrogen-Containing “Green” Fuels Influence on the Thermal Protection and Formation of Wear Processes Components in Compression-Ignition Engines Modern Injection System

The article describes the impact of hydrogen-containing vegetable fuels consumption with modern injection apparatus. The fuel in question is B100 rapeseed oil ethyl ester. The process of atomizing fuel in the engine at high temperature and in a high pressure chamber plays an important role in the combustion processes in the CI engine. The elements responsible for supplying fuel to the engine’s combustion chamber are the injectors and the injection pump. The paper presents the construction and operation of modern injection pumps and fuel injectors, the methods of their diagnosis are discussed, the important role of precision, and the course of their wear phenomenon are indicated. The paper discusses the impact of hydrogen-containing “green” vegetable fuels on the durability and reliability of injection pumps and fuel injectors used in Common Rail systems. In addition, the tests on the operating parameters of the fuel injector and pump operating on conventional fuel and hydrogen-containing “green” biofuel were carried out